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成吉思汗回来了!蒙古狂庆祝建国800周年

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发表于 2006-7-13 12:32:11 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
成吉思汗回来了!蒙古狂庆祝建国800周年
德国之声


        今年,蒙古庆祝建国800周年的高潮,是身着当年骑兵服的500名军人,表演他们精湛的射骑功夫,再现当年成吉思汗英勇无畏的精神,找回民族自我意识。
        在蒙古,今年被称为成吉思汗创建蒙古年,整个一年,都贯穿了各种各样的庆典纪念活动,纪念800年前成吉思汗祖先的历史功绩。1206年,成吉思汗率领草原铁骑,荡平异邦,降服同类,被推举为广袤蒙古大地的首位“大汗”。此后,成吉思汗并没有就地安营扎寨,治理八方,血脉里流淌的狂奔不息的血液驱赶着他,远征西亚和欧洲。最兴旺时期,蒙古大帝国的地盘超过当年拿破仑帝国,欧洲人历来骄傲的亚历山大帝国也在成吉思汗的蒙古旗下显得弱小寒碜。
       蒙古西征军以强悍威武残暴而闻名于世。在两河流域,他们不惜毁掉巴格达古城,开进俄罗斯大地,杀开的更是一条血路。为了征服华夏民族,据德国法兰克福汇报援引史学家的估计,他们杀死了大约2900万人。蒙古统治西亚与欧洲的那段历史,常常被人看作是对残忍留下的记忆。
        然而,平心而论,成吉思汗堪称历史上最伟大的军事家、战略家之一,当代史学家中有人将他看作是全球化运动的鼻祖。Baljinyam在描述成吉思汗的历史功绩时如下写道:“他创立了一整套法规。在他统治的帝国里,和平与安全成为最主要的旋律,生意可以从亚洲做到欧洲。这不仅推动了蒙古的发展,对全世界而言,也是极大的促动。”Baljinyam还盛赞蒙古统治下建立起来的驿站送信制度,并把它描绘成“13世纪的互联网”,是当时快速传递信息的有效途径。此外,Baljinyam还说道,当年的蒙古帝国里生活着不同文化、不同宗教的各种民族,他们和睦相处,维系着自己的文明。
        蒙古人大庆成吉思汗创立国家800周年,在他们自己看来,是一件非常有义的事情。100年前,蒙古隶属于清朝,从50年前开始,蒙古的地位相当于苏联的卫星国,因此,蒙古人对自己的历史有着特殊的感情。在苏联影响时期,成吉思汗属于“反动”一类,唯恐避之不及,1990年引入民主制以后,人们才又重新释放出对成吉思汗的热情,才又公开表露出回归民族历史的心愿。积蓄太久,现在释放的能量就显得特别大,特别猛。成吉思汗成了蒙古恢复民族自我意识的象征。这一点,对位于两个大国夹缝间的蒙古而言,有特殊的意义。
        顺便一提的是,内蒙古的300万蒙族人不参与蒙古的建国800周年庆典,但中国今年主办蒙古历史国际研讨会。虽然,成吉思汗的陵墓就在内蒙古,不过,这只是内蒙人的说法,外蒙人不承认。外蒙人相信,成吉思汗一定安葬在了外蒙,只是,掘坟寻找古人,不符合蒙古的传统精神。外蒙人还相信,内蒙人靠了成吉思汗陵墓吸引游客,完全是为了开发旅游的目的,未必在于祭祖。
        事实上,蒙古本身也在大张旗鼓纪念历史的同时,希望唤起外人对蒙古的兴趣,掀起蒙古旅游热。据说,今年的大庆年里,旅游蒙古的人数比往年猛增4倍,游客达到40万。
发表于 2006-7-13 12:49:21 | 显示全部楼层
好!这个帖子包含着很多有争议的东西!


但是很好!
发表于 2006-7-15 00:54:43 | 显示全部楼层
EVENTS CALENDAR FOR THE 800th ANNIVERSARY OF
GREAT MONGOL EMPIRE (1206 - 2006)

January 1. NEW YEAR HOLIDAY
-launch of the celebration of the 800th anniversary, all households raise national flag
- Issuing the anniversary stamps, envelopes and postcards
January 13. THE CONSTITUTION DAY
January 30. Tsagaan Sar (WHITE MOON HOLIDAY), the first day of Lunar New Year

February 1. WHITE MOON HOLIDAY - handing lunar new year gifts to elders above 100 years old
February 3. "Founding the Empire", art exhibition opens in Ulaanbaatar
February 6. Launching Opera "Mother Oelun (Genghis Khaan's mother) "
Exhibition of the currencies and coins of the Mongolians
February 8. Ice festival on Khovsgol Lake

March 22. NAURIZ HOLIDAY - Kazakh national customs and celebrations
March 25. Bii Byelgee (Western Mongolian dances) day, in Ulaangom, Uvs aimag
March 26. Opera Chinggis Khaan
March 27. Khoomii (throat singing ) festival in Khovd aimag

June 1. MOTHERS AND CHILDREN' DAY
June 11. Ceremony to greet the 84 feet Maitreya, tsam- religious dancing festival
June 20. International research conference on Mongolian history
June 21-22. Public celebration of the State White Flags at the Sukhbaatar Square
June 24. Mongolian Mode of Life art exhibition
June 25. Great Khuraldai theatrical performance
July 10. Naadam concert

July 11-12. The GREAT NAADAM FESTIVAL.
The Naadam festival is the biggest and most joyful celebration for Mongolians. It takes place on the 11-12th of July each year. The festival originated from the era of Khunnu Empire and was originally organized as a competition to test the skills of Mongolian Warriors between tribes. The festival comprises the "Three Manly Sports": wrestling, horse racing and archery. A fascinating and interesting event for all is where the 9 White Flags of Chinghis Khan are carried in a ceremonial parade from the State Parliament House to the Central Stadium.
512-1024 wrestlers compete on the green field of the State Central Stadium-there is no time limit, no weight category.
There are 6 different categories of horse racing depending on the age of horses. The riders, both boys and girls are aged between 5-12 and the distance of the race ranges from 15-30 km.
Archery, originating from time immemorial, is the oldest sport of the Mongols. Traditionally, this was only men's sport but nowadays both men and women compete in separate divisions. Male archers shoot on a 75m range while female archers shoot on a 60 m range.
July 15. Show of 800 morin khuur and 800 long song singers, Ulaanbaatar
July 16. Great Mongolia show - cultural festival of mongolian nationals
July 21-23. Asian Children's Festival

August 2. Horse relay to start at Dadal soum in Khentii aimag: water and soil from Chinggis Khaan's birthplace to be carried to Khar Khorin.
August 5. Opening of the Chinggis Khaan monument in Kharakorum: Naadam in honor of the event - festival of gers and traditional tents in Khar Khorin
August 23-25. The 9th International Forum of Mongolists
August 26. Reindeer herder festival and shaman art performances at Khovsgol Lake
August 28-30. The 26th World Forum of Poets

September 1. ACADEMIC YEAR STARTS - Mongolian history class day
September 2. Rock Pop show Golden Microphone in honor of the anniversary, in Ulaanbaatar
September 17. The "Nomads Day" Festival, Gun-Galuut Nature Reserve
The Gun-Galuut Community Association and Steppe Nomads Camp are pleased to demonstrate the traditions of the Mongolian nomads, including horse/camel taming, horse lassoing, mini-Naadam Festival, felt making, yak cart travel, preparation of Airag, ger construction, sheep herding, Nomadic games, costumes, diet and a host of other customs that will leave the visitor with a sense of discovery. The day will also prove to be a great deal of fun as visitors will have the opportunity to participate in the events, try on the costumes and taste the steppe delicacies.
The two-day event will be held at the Steppe Nomads Ger Camp in the tranquil and scenic surroundings of the Kherlen River and Gun-Galuut Nature Reserve. Let's see, hear, feel, taste and experience the nomadic lifestyle of real Mongols!
September 18-19. Miss Mongolia contest
September 20. International research conference, Ulaanbaatar
September 21. Music festival Golden Autumn in honor of the anniversary, Ulaanbaatar

October 2-3. National convention of historians and antropologists on Mongolian history and culture

November 19. Morin Khuur singing contest in honor of the anniversary
November 24. A copy of the Secret History of the Mongols to be conveyed in the Government Palace
November 26. INDEPENDENCE DAY
December 29. Mongol Empire-800 photo exhibitions all over the country
December 31. Closing address of the nationwide celebration of the 800th Anniversary of the Mongolian State
发表于 2006-7-17 16:53:29 | 显示全部楼层
辛苦
发表于 2006-8-1 18:00:23 | 显示全部楼层
zaa,en yeh zuuger uum baina,deeshe  gargyaa
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