布里亚特简史

kharkhu · 发表于 2005-12-22 11:53:11

Fearing Buryat nationalism, Stalin had more than 10,000 Buryats killed. In <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1958" target="_blank" >1958</A>, the name "Mongol" was removed from the name of the republic (Buryat ASSR). 
In <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1923" target="_blank" >1923</A>, the <ST1:PLACE w:st="on"><ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on">Buryat-Mongol</ST1:PLACENAME> <ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on">Autonomous</ST1:PLACENAME> <ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on">Soviet</ST1:PLACENAME> <ST1:PLACENAME w:st="on">Socialist</ST1:PLACENAME> <ST1:PLACETYPE w:st="on">Republic</ST1:PLACETYPE></ST1:PLACE> was formed and included Baykal province (Pribaykalskaya guberniya) with a Russian population. In <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1937" target="_blank" >1937</A>, in an effort to disperse Buryats, Stalin's government separated a number of counties (rayony) from the Buryat-Mongol ASSR and formed Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug and Aga Buryat Autonomous Okrug; at the same time, some counties with Buryat populations were left out.

布里亚特快车_2 · 发表于 2005-12-22 13:02:33

斯大林当年杀了很多布里亚特人我也是早有所闻！！
[em13]

kharkhu · 发表于 2005-12-22 11:50:37

<H1 >Buryat information <o:p></o:p></H1>
The Buryats, numbering approximately 350,000, are the largest ethnic minority group in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Siberia" target="_blank" >Siberia</A>, and are mainly concentrated in their homeland, the <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Buryat_Republic" target="_blank" >Buryat Republic</A>. Buryats are of <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Mongolia" target="_blank" >Mongolian</A> descent and share many customs with their Mongolian cousins, including nomadic herding and erecting <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Yurt" target="_blank" >yurts</A> for shelter. Today, the majority of Buryats live in and around <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Ulan_Ude" target="_blank" >Ulan Ude</A>, the capital of the republic, although many live more traditionally in the countryside. <o:p></o:p>
The name "Buriyat" is mentioned for the first time in a Mongolian work (<a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1240" target="_blank" >1240</A>). Consolidation of tribes and groups took place under the conditions of the Russian state. In addition to genuine Buryat-Mongolian tribes (Bugalat, Khora, Ekhirit, Khongodor) that merged with the Buryats, the Buryats also assimilated other groups, including Oirots, Khalkha Mongols, Tungus (Evenks) and others. The territory and people were annexed to the Russian state by treaties in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1689" target="_blank" >1689</A> and <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1728" target="_blank" >1728</A>, when the territories on both the sides of <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Lake_Baikal" target="_blank" >Lake Baikal</A> were separated from <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Mongolia" target="_blank" >Mongolia</A>. From the middle of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th, the Buryat population increased from 27,700 to 300,000. <o:p></o:p>
The historical roots of the Buryat culture are related to the Mongolian. After Buryatia was incorporated into <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>, it was exposed to two traditions―<a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Christian" target="_blank" >Christian</A> and <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Buddhist" target="_blank" >Buddhist</A>. Buryats west of <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Lake</st1:PlaceType> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Baikal</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> (Irkutsk Buryats) are "russified", and they soon abandoned nomadism for agriculture, whereas the eastern (Transbaykal) Buryats are closer to the Mongols, may live in yurts and are mostly Buddhists. In 1741, the Lamaist branch of Buddhism was recognized as one of the official religions in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Russia</st1:place></st1:country-region>, and the first Buryat datsan (Buddhist monastery) was built. <o:p></o:p>
The second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was a period of growth for the Buryat Buddhist church (48 datsans in Buryatia in 1914). Buddhism became an important factor in the cultural development of Buryatia. After the Revolution, most of the lamas were loyal to the Soviet power. In 1925, a battle against religion and church in Buryatia started. Datsans were gradually closed down, and the activity of the church curtailed. Consequently, in the late 1930s the Buddhist church ceased to exist and thousands of cultural treasures were destroyed. Attempts to revive the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Buddhist</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Church</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> started during World War II, and it was officially re-established in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1946" target="_blank" >1946</A>. A genuine revival of Buddhism has taken place since the late 1980s as an important factor in the national consolidation and spiritual rebirth. <o:p></o:p>
In <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1923" target="_blank" >1923</A>, the <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Buryat-Mongol</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Autonomous</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Soviet</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Socialist</st1:PlaceName> <st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Republic</st1:PlaceType></st1:place> was formed and included Baykal province (Pribaykalskaya guberniya) with a Russian population. In <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1937" target="_blank" >1937</A>, in an effort to disperse Buryats, Stalin's government separated a number of counties (rayony) from the Buryat-Mongol ASSR and formed Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug and Aga Buryat Autonomous Okrug; at the same time, some counties with Buryat populations were left out. Fearing Buryat nationalism, Stalin had more than 10,000 Buryats killed. In <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1958" target="_blank" >1958</A>, the name "Mongol" was removed from the name of the republic (Buryat ASSR). BASSR declared its sovereignty in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1990" target="_blank" >1990</A> and adopted the name <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:PlaceType w:st="on">Republic</st1:PlaceType> of <st1:PlaceName w:st="on">Buryatia</st1:PlaceName></st1:place> in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1992" target="_blank" >1992</A>. The constitution of the Republic was adopted by the People's Hural in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1994" target="_blank" >1994</A>, and a bilateral treaty with the <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/Russian_Federation" target="_blank" >Federation</A> was signed in <a href="http://www.searchspaniel.com/index.php/1995" target="_blank" >1995</A>. <o:p></o:p>
<o:p> </o:p>

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